GDF-15 is also an active area of study in cancer immunity (Wischhusen et al., 2020; Lodi et al., 2021), and GDF-15 has been shown to allow gliomas to evade immune responses by suppressing natural killer cell-mediated immunity and T cell migration into the tumors (Roth et al., 2010). Here, GDF15 is linked to glioma.