Inhibition of complex I, ROS production, and neuronal cell death via apoptosis and autophagy was also linked to the presence of PD-associated gene mutations [α-synuclein (SNCA), LRRK2, PARK7, PARK2, PINK1] (Müftüoglu et al., 2004; Yamada et al., 2004; Iaccarino et al., 2007; Hayashi et al., 2009; Ho et al., 2009; Gusdon et al., 2012; Venderova and Park, 2012; Dias et al., 2013; Blesa et al., 2015; Gegg and Schapira, 2016). Here, PINK1 is linked to Parkinson disease.