INS and Hyperglycemia: Notably, AD and PD show alterations in oxidative stress levels, hyperglycemia, mitochondrial dysfunction, glucose metabolism, insulin signaling, insulin resistance, and inflammatory processes (Baker et al., 2011; Moran et al., 2013; Willette et al., 2015; Morsi et al., 2018; Sergi et al., 2019; Cheng et al., 2020).