PTK2B and neoplasm: This activation induces downstream signaling pathways, such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras/MAPK) pathways, which are related to increased cell proliferation and survival as well as augmentation of primary tumor growth and tumor metastasis [19, 23, 24].