ERBB2 and breast carcinoma: In this nonrandomized phase II clinical trial, Murthy et al. [79] enrolled 17 adult HER2+ breast cancer patients based on Karnofsky performance status (KPS) of > 50 who were newly diagnosed with untreated LM, as confirmed by positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology and/or radiographic evidence of LM plus other signs and symptoms.