GSEA results revealed that the gene sets in the high-risk group were closely related to the process that stimulates tumor proliferation and metastasis including P38-MAPK pathway (NES = 1.81, P = 0), Runx2 regulates genes involved in cell migration (NES = 1.72, P = 0), and ECM receptor interaction (NES = 1.70, P = 0.002), while gene sets in the low-risk group were associated with metabolism such as mitochondrial fatty acid beta oxidation (NES =  − 1.70, P = 0.010), miscellaneous substrates (NES =  − 1.51, P = 0.014), and sulfide oxidation to sulfate (NES =  − 1.51, P = 0.49). Here, RUNX2 is linked to neoplasm.