PGAM5 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Carcinogenesis is driven, at least in part, by abnormal mitochondrial function enhanced oxidative stress and the expression of phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 (PGAM5), a mitophagy regulator, was highly expressed by alveolar macrophages from COPD patients and in malignant and pre-neoplastic epithelial cells [21].