The degree of impaired mitochondrial fission/fusion as suggested by reduced expression of mitofusin 1 (MFN1), optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), Fission, Mitochondrial 1 (FIS1) and phosphorylated dynamin-related protein 1 (p-DRP1) correlated with level of emphysema [17]. The gene discussed is FIS1; the disease is pulmonary emphysema.