Specifically, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in heart tissues cause increased AGEs production, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, cardiac lipotoxicity, altered insulin metabolic signaling, dysregulation of exosomes, and impaired cardiomyocyte autophagy, impairment of calcium homeostasis, and increased cardiomyocyte death [18–22]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.