NFKB1 and inflammation: Oxidative stress induces chronic vascular inflammation by activating several transcription factors, such as NF-κB, AP-1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ).171 The ROS-sensitive NF-κB signaling pathway is critical in aging-related vascular inflammation.153 In aged vasculatures, oxidative stress and vascular inflammation act in a vicious cycle.170 Sirtuin 1, an anti-aging molecule, is downregulated in aged vascular tissues.