ICAM1 and atherosclerosis: Anti-ICAM-1 antibody-conjugated nanoparticles have the potential for non-invasive molecular imaging of inflammation and targeted drug delivery.136,139 Nanoparticles functionalized with human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies have been assessed for multimodal molecular imaging in ApoE−/− mouse models.137 Xu et al. constructed VHPKQHR peptide-modified MSNs as magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents for monitoring atherosclerosis lesions.138