Interestingly the BRAF V595E mutation can also be monitored in urine samples using the new droplet digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (dPCR) molecular technique which allowed to identify the mutation in 83% of dogs with urothelial carcinoma (19 positive out of 23 patients) and 100% of dogs with protastic carcinoma (3 dogs only) when it was completely absent in healthy controls.84 Here, BRAF is linked to urothelial carcinoma.