It has been suggested that this phenomenon is linked to an upregulation of pro-angiogenic components, triggered by a state of hypoxia.203 However, the complete mechanism of resistance to anti-VEGF therapy is still yet to be completely understood, and no biomarkers to date have yet been developed to successfully predict patient responses to anti-angiogenic treatment.204 Thus, further studies are essential to further understand TEC interactions with VEGF and the TME, which is a fertile field to further improve the therapeutic options available for advanced CRC. Here, VEGFA is linked to colorectal carcinoma.