TNF and urticaria: SARS-CoV-2 patients revealed higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 1b, interleukin 6, and interferon types 1 and 2), which may explain skin manifestations associated with infection, such as livedoid vasculopathy, urticaria, COVID toes, and a chicken pox-like rash.