CCL2 and neoplasm: Other cytokines such as CXCL8 (IL-8), a known pro-angiogenic factor, along with CCL2 have been implicated in increasing tumour angiogenesis in a mouse model of PDAC (50) These pre-clinical studies have therefore aided in establishing a link between cancer cells and their ability to direct TAFs to produce a variety of factors that support tumour growth via angiogenesis.