IL1R1 and renal cell carcinoma: IL1 treatment was initially proposed for immunotherapy of RCC either alone or in combination with IL2 with variable results (66–68); it was suspected that the toxicity associated with IL2 treatment could be partially due to the induction of IL1 and thus anti-IL1 molecules such as a soluble IL1R were tested in both preclinical and clinical studies with no clear protection from toxic effects (69).