In fact, in pancreatic cancers, CAFs have been reported to actively switch polarizing macrophages toward the immunosuppressive M2 phenotype by the release of IL-8, the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (123). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and pancreatic neoplasm.