PINK1 and Parkinson disease: The relevance of oxidative stress to PD is also reflected in changes in familial risk factors for PD, where various genes are involved in the occurrence of oxidative stress, such as α-synuclein (SNCA), parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase gene (PRKN), PTEN-inducible putative kinase 1 gene (PINK1), Parkinson’s disease-associated deglycosylase gene (DJ-1), Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2), F-box protein 7 gene (FBXO7) and ATPase 13A2 gene (ATP13A2) (Chang & Chen, 2020; Dorszewska et al., 2021).