A pre-symptomatic marker of α-synucleinopathy that predicts disease would be of particular relevance to pre-symptomatic treatment in LRRK2 mutation carriers since penetrance is incomplete with estimates of penetrance of the most common LRRK2 p.G2019S mutation ranging from 25% to 42.5% (Lee et al., 2017). Here, LRRK2 is linked to synucleinopathy.