In EAE, using a combination of scRNAseq and other techniques, Wheeler et al. 289 identified a reduced NRF2-driven gene expression and increased MAFG and MAT2α signalling in astrocytes, potentially promoting pro-inflammatory genomic programmes in astrocytes via GM-CSF, produced by inflammatory T cells recruited to the CNS in multiple sclerosis and EAE. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is multiple sclerosis.