To study the effects of malin reintroduction at an early stage of Lafora disease, malin expression was induced in 4-month-old malinKO+OE mice, an age at which malinKO mice already accumulate abundant LBs in the brain.11,14 These animals were analysed 1 month and 3 months after the induction, referred to as malinKO+OE[4+1] and malinKO+OE[4+3], respectively (Supplementary Fig. 1). The gene discussed is NHLRC1; the disease is Lafora disease.