Moreover, studies in human placentas showed decreased VEGFR-1 (mRNA and protein) and VEGFR-2 levels (mRNA) (115, 117), while reports in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) disclosed that GDM enhanced cell migration (115), suggesting that GDM promotes an angiogenic state that could affect the pathophysiological function of the placenta. Here, KDR is linked to gestational diabetes.