However, Jeong et al.’s report (48) showed that ESWT could not only increase the expression of nNOS, but also enhanced the expression of α smooth muscle actin (αSMA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (P-eNOS) in the corpus cavernosum of DM rats, which was implied to benefit the recovery of the muscle, nerve and blood vessels of erectile tissues. Here, PECAM1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.