EPO and stroke disorder: Since its approval by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1989 for patients suffering from chronic renal insufficiency, three decades of research demonstrated that the pleiotropic EPO also exerts anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in different neurological diseases including stroke (Grasso et al., 2002; Fisher, 2003; Kumral et al., 2004; Sättler et al., 2004; Lu et al., 2005; Kanaan et al., 2006; Habib et al., 2019a).