GNAS and gout: Therefore, in this section, we summarize briefly the association of other mechanisms with gout, including sleep rhythm, immune response and B-cell activation (hypocretin receptor 2 (HCRTR2), cytokine-dependent hematopoietic cell linker (CLNK), guanine nucleotide-binding protein a-stimulating polypeptide (GNAS)), sex hormones (breast cancer-amplified sequence 3 (BCAS3)).