AR and renal cell carcinoma: For instance, there are evidence relating the androgen receptor (AR) with RCC initiation and progression (DeVita et al., 2008; Chow et al., 2010; Chang et al., 2014; Zhu et al., 2014; Zhai et al., 2016; Zhai et al., 2017; Gong et al., 2021).