TNF and hepatocellular carcinoma: In general, the malignancy of HCC cells gradually increases as the feature score decreases in three significant ways: 1) the proliferation and activation of the proto-oncogene network (“G2M checkpoint,” “WNT/β-catenin signaling,” “MYC targets,” and “E2F targets”); 2) the loss of intrinsic hepatic features (“coagulation” and “complement”); and 3) the downregulation of the inflammatory response (“inflammatory response,” “IL2_STAT5 signaling,” “IL6_JAK_STAT3 signaling,” “TNFα signaling via NF-κB,” “interferon α response,” and “interferon γ response”).