Despite the capacity of both TGFβ2 and TNFα to induce robust EMT responses in RPE, a key component of pathogenic subretinal fibrosis in AMD (Shu et al., 2020, 2021), their divergent impact on metabolic reprogramming highlights the complexity of targeting metabolism as a therapeutic avenue for AMD. Here, TGFB2 is linked to age-related macular degeneration.