TLR9 and sickle cell disease: The results of malaria and sickle cell disease indicate the absence of pathogenic variants in most of the European-related ethnolinguistic cultural groups and a low proportion of pathogenic variants across all malaria-specific genes in Bantu, Afro-Asiatic, and Latin American ethnolinguistic cultural groups, except for toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), FREM3, IL4, ICAM-1, and nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal), indicates that Bantu and Latin America ethnolinguistic cultural groups have a high proportion of pathogenic variants.