IL13 and sickle cell disease: The distribution of malaria gene-specificity in SNP frequencies from Figure 3C suggests that four genes include GYPB, FCGR2A, IL13, and FREM3 with gene-specificity ranging between 4 and 15%, while all sickle cell disease-related genes (Figure 3D) show low gene-specificity in SNP frequencies ranging between 0.1 and 0.3% among all 20 ethnolinguistic cultural groups, but all ethnolinguistic cultural groups from Africa have the highest frequencies.