The TLR7 agonist imiquimod drives lupus nephritis in mice (68, 69), whereas the pathologies in the lupus-prone strain, New Zealand Black/New Zealand White F1 (NZBWF1) mice, is ameliorated by TLR7 chemical inhibitor or by anti-TLR7 monoclonal antibody (70, 71). Here, TLR7 is linked to lupus nephritis.