TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) is secondary to autosomal dominant mutations of the gene coding for the type I receptor for TNF (TNFRSF1A), resulting in an accumulation of misfolded TNF receptor 1 in the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to oxidative stress, defective autophagy and consequent over-secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (9, 10). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is TNF receptor 1-associated periodic fever syndrome.