Two doses of s.c. RhCMV/TB induced high levels of specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immune responses, and provided long-lasting vaccine-mediated immune control after highly pathogenic Mtb strains challenge one year after immunization in rhesus macaques, in which 41% animals showed no TB disease evaluated by computed tomography scans or necropsy (99). Here, CD4 is linked to tuberculosis.