STING1 and osteoarthritis: Nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB) can also be activated by STING, and it has been found that phosphorylated IRF3 dimers are dimerized and translocated into the nucleus, and can also work with NF-kB to turn on the expression of inflammatory cytokines, leading to immune response (42).In a study of osteoarthritis(OA), exogenous supplementation with itaconate activated Nrf2 and inhibited the STING-dependent NF-κB pathway, thereby alleviating IL-1β-stimulated chondroblast inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) degeneration, and aging.