In these models, IL-1β has been shown to inhibit the expression of atrial quaking protein (QKI), a RNA-binding protein that regulates RNA splicing and maintains RNA stability and has been shown to reduce CACNA1C (L-type calcium channel subunit) expression and ICa,L in atrial myocytes leading to AF (Tili et al., 2015; Sun et al., 2016). Here, IL1B is linked to atrial fibrillation.