PPARGC1A and heart disorder: Any dysregulation in PPARGC1A may be detrimental; studies have shown that its downregulation increased vascular stress (Kadlec et al., 2016), oxidative stress and inflammation (Waldman et al., 2018; Rius-Pérez et al., 2020), impaired mitochondrial function, and reduced antiapoptotic and angiogenic responses (Mahmood et al., 2019), whereas its upregulation induced pathological changes in mitochondrial biogenesis, contributing to cardiac disease (Lehman et al., 2000; Le Chen and Knowlton, 2011; Caravia et al., 2018).