In phase 1 trials of a modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus expressing the carboxyl terminus of EBNA1 fused to full-length LMP2 designed to induce both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses respectively, a two-fold increase in the T cell response to one or both of the EBV proteins was observed in NPC patients from Hong Kong (74) and the UK (75). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is nasopharyngeal carcinoma.