With the aim of determining the profile of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the non-malaria sepsis group compared to the malaria and febrile controls, levels of thirteen (13) pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-2R, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-12p40p70, IL-15, IL-17A, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IFN-α) and growth factor (GM-CSF) were determined. Here, CSF2 is linked to malaria.