ALB and vitamin D deficiency: Others have focused on multiple biomarkers, such as urinary albumin and nucleic acid oxidation markers in urine [11], urinary markers of nucleic acid oxidation in urine [21], urinary hepatocyte growth factor and adiponectin [12], amino acids [22], the ratio of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) [9], serum sodium, copeptin, and NT-proBNP [15], serum vitamin D deficiency and other factors such as serum albumin among patients on hemodialysis therapy [23] with all-cause mortality in diabetic patients.