NFKB1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Administering this natural compound in a mouse model of acute lung injury had a beneficial outcome associated with a decreased expression of NF-κB together with an increased level of SIRT1 [133]; in rat models of hemorrhage shock after lung injury or COPD, curcumin increased pulmonary barrier function, reduced pulmonary oxidative stress and lung inflammation, alleviated COPD by promoting autophagy and inhibiting ER stress and induced the activity of SIRT1 [134,135].