SIRT1 and infarction: Curcumin acts to protect VSMC by activating AMPK and subsequently stimulating ATP and superoxide synthesis, as well as SIRT1 activity; in models of myocardial infarction/reperfusion injury, curcumin reduced oxidative stress damaging effects on mitochondria and lessened the infarction size through a SIRT1-mediated pathway [149,150].