For example, in lung cancer, isolated T. farfara polysaccharides appear to act as an immunomodulator by reducing the expression of CD279 and CD274 in peripheral blood and tumor tissue lymphocytes [51], increasing the efficiency of conventional antitumor therapy and reducing neutropenia, with a comparable effect to recombinant CSF Neupogen [52]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and lung cancer.