The key molecules such as NIK [4,47,84,85], LTα/β/LTβR [33], CD40 [43], BAFF [44], RANKL [45], OX40 [46] in the non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathway are upregulated in viral hepatitis-related HCC. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.