VCAM1 and infection: These ROS-mediated damages go hand in hand with inflammatory processes such as the activation of specific signaling pathways responsible for enhancing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators such as: interleukins (IL), C-reactive protein (CPR), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), etc. Although beneficial in the host response to infections, these mediators, under pathological conditions, trigger signaling cascades that lead to severe illnesses such as the ones mentioned above [140,141].