GSK3B and melanoma: Due to the significant involvement of MAPK, AKT, and GSK3β signaling pathways in the α-MSH-induced transcription of MITF and melanogenesis, we investigated the time-dependent phosphorylation of MAPK proteins, AKT, and GSKβ in B16F10 melanoma cells at five time points (0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min) after α-MSH treatment.