Consistently, our previous research has demonstrated that, in smoke-induced ALI, SOCS-1 prevents epithelial cell apoptosis by inhibiting the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and ameliorates inflammation through suppressing the assembly of neutrophilic alkaline phosphatase-3 (NALP3) inflammasome in macrophages [35,36]. The gene discussed is SOCS1; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.