CIAPIN1 and cholangiocarcinoma: Figure 1a is a negative control staining of CCA tissue without primary antibodies. Using the H-score system, CIAPIN1 was highly (p < 0.0001) expressed in CCA (mean ± SD of H-score = 216 ± 25), compared with normal bile ducts in the CCA adjacent areas (mean ± SD of H-score = 51 ± 21) (Figure 1d). In addition, comparing patients with and without lymph node metastasis, our data showed that CIAPIN1 expression in CCA of the patients in the lymph node metastasis group was significantly higher than that of the non-metastasis group (p < 0.0001, Figure 1e).