In a previous study, our group investigated the role of MSTN and PCSK9 in the context of renal I/R in a rat model, finding that MSTN and PCSK9 are induced early during surgical ischemia in rat kidneys and in HK-2 tubular renal cells exposed to I/R-like conditions and associated to mitochondrial impairment [48]. This evidence concerns the gene PCSK9 and ischemia.