The first data on 6 T2D islet preparations [73] showed that, compared to non-diabetic islets, T2D islets showed a reduced insulin content, fewer mature insulin granules, impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion, reduced insulin mRNA expression, increased apoptosis, higher expression of nitrotyrosine (a marker of oxidative stress) and genes involved in redox balance. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.