NFKB1 and cancer: TRPV1 is indeed upregulated in many cancers and it regulates different cancer cell processes, such as proliferation, cell fate, migration, and invasion in a cancer type-specific manner, via the activation of different Ca2+-dependent signalling pathways, such as PI3K/AKT, Ras-ERK and JAK/STAT signalling cascades and NF-κB activation [162], acting both as an anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic factor in melanoma, colorectal, pancreatic and liver cancer, among others, and exerting a pro-tumour role in highly aggressive types of cancer [162] (Figure 1 and Figure 3).