VWF and endothelial dysfunction: There is also the role of SARS-CoV-2 infection in endothelial activation and endothelial dysfunction via elevated levels of chemokines (i.e., monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., interleukin-1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and TNF-α), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and factor VIII.