Similar to the PI3K pathway, constitutive activation of MAPK signaling has been associated with features of immune evasion, including increased infiltration of Tregs, accumulation of MDSCs, downregulation of tumor antigen presentation, reduced release of effector cytokines such as IFNγ, IL-2, and TNFα, and enhanced expression of immunosuppressive IL-10 and CCL2 [40]. This evidence concerns the gene PIK3CA and neoplasm.