Elevated levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, e.g., IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, interferon-γ, TNF-α, MCP1 and transforming growth factor-β, have been assayed in the blood and CSF of AD patients [56]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Alzheimer disease.