RIPK3 and peripheral nerve injury: In another study on rat models, peripheral nerve injury induced by CCI or SNI increased the expression of TNF-α, RIP1 and/or RIP3 [176,178] in the spinal cord, whereas Nec-1, an effective inhibitor of RIP1 and RIP-mediated necroptosis [65,159], significantly reduced the levels of spinal pro-inflammatory cytokines and RIP1/RIP3 and alleviated neuropathic hyperalgesia and allodynia [176,178].