TNF and malignant colon neoplasm: In addition, in HCT-116 human colon cancer cells stimulated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, TUDCA significantly reduced the expression of IL-8 and IL-1α, and inhibited TNF-α-induced phosphorylation/degradation of IκBα, along with the inhibition of NF-κB DNA-binding activity [51].