Comparatively, A4 treatment of ISO-injured mice partially but significantly ameliorated the cardiomyopathy-induced increase in LV DHE, TGF-β1, α-SMA and interstitial collagen staining (all by ~48–56%; all p < 0.05 vs. ISO alone group; p < 0.05 vs. saline-injected mice for the three measures of fibrosis), and also blunted the ISO-induced increase in LV cardiomyocyte hypertrophy to levels that were no longer different from that measured in saline-injected controls, after 7 days of administration (Figure 6A,B). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cardiomyopathy.